gprof: Output Options
4.1 Output Options
==================
These options specify which of several output formats 'gprof' should
produce.
Many of these options take an optional "symspec" to specify functions
to be included or excluded. These options can be specified multiple
times, with different symspecs, to include or exclude sets of symbols.
Symspecs Symspecs.
Specifying any of these options overrides the default ('-p -q'),
which prints a flat profile and call graph analysis for all functions.
'-A[SYMSPEC]'
'--annotated-source[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-A' option causes 'gprof' to print annotated source code. If
SYMSPEC is specified, print output only for matching symbols.
The Annotated Source Listing Annotated Source.
'-b'
'--brief'
If the '-b' option is given, 'gprof' doesn't print the verbose
blurbs that try to explain the meaning of all of the fields in the
tables. This is useful if you intend to print out the output, or
are tired of seeing the blurbs.
'-C[SYMSPEC]'
'--exec-counts[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-C' option causes 'gprof' to print a tally of functions and
the number of times each was called. If SYMSPEC is specified,
print tally only for matching symbols.
If the profile data file contains basic-block count records,
specifying the '-l' option, along with '-C', will cause basic-block
execution counts to be tallied and displayed.
'-i'
'--file-info'
The '-i' option causes 'gprof' to display summary information about
the profile data file(s) and then exit. The number of histogram,
call graph, and basic-block count records is displayed.
'-I DIRS'
'--directory-path=DIRS'
The '-I' option specifies a list of search directories in which to
find source files. Environment variable GPROF_PATH can also be
used to convey this information. Used mostly for annotated source
output.
'-J[SYMSPEC]'
'--no-annotated-source[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-J' option causes 'gprof' not to print annotated source code.
If SYMSPEC is specified, 'gprof' prints annotated source, but
excludes matching symbols.
'-L'
'--print-path'
Normally, source filenames are printed with the path component
suppressed. The '-L' option causes 'gprof' to print the full
pathname of source filenames, which is determined from symbolic
debugging information in the image file and is relative to the
directory in which the compiler was invoked.
'-p[SYMSPEC]'
'--flat-profile[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-p' option causes 'gprof' to print a flat profile. If SYMSPEC
is specified, print flat profile only for matching symbols.
The Flat Profile Flat Profile.
'-P[SYMSPEC]'
'--no-flat-profile[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-P' option causes 'gprof' to suppress printing a flat profile.
If SYMSPEC is specified, 'gprof' prints a flat profile, but
excludes matching symbols.
'-q[SYMSPEC]'
'--graph[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-q' option causes 'gprof' to print the call graph analysis.
If SYMSPEC is specified, print call graph only for matching symbols
and their children. The Call Graph Call Graph.
'-Q[SYMSPEC]'
'--no-graph[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-Q' option causes 'gprof' to suppress printing the call graph.
If SYMSPEC is specified, 'gprof' prints a call graph, but excludes
matching symbols.
'-t'
'--table-length=NUM'
The '-t' option causes the NUM most active source lines in each
source file to be listed when source annotation is enabled. The
default is 10.
'-y'
'--separate-files'
This option affects annotated source output only. Normally,
'gprof' prints annotated source files to standard-output. If this
option is specified, annotated source for a file named
'path/FILENAME' is generated in the file 'FILENAME-ann'. If the
underlying file system would truncate 'FILENAME-ann' so that it
overwrites the original 'FILENAME', 'gprof' generates annotated
source in the file 'FILENAME.ann' instead (if the original file
name has an extension, that extension is _replaced_ with '.ann').
'-Z[SYMSPEC]'
'--no-exec-counts[=SYMSPEC]'
The '-Z' option causes 'gprof' not to print a tally of functions
and the number of times each was called. If SYMSPEC is specified,
print tally, but exclude matching symbols.
'-r'
'--function-ordering'
The '--function-ordering' option causes 'gprof' to print a
suggested function ordering for the program based on profiling
data. This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging,
tlb and cache behavior for the program on systems which support
arbitrary ordering of functions in an executable.
The exact details of how to force the linker to place functions in
a particular order is system dependent and out of the scope of this
manual.
'-R MAP_FILE'
'--file-ordering MAP_FILE'
The '--file-ordering' option causes 'gprof' to print a suggested .o
link line ordering for the program based on profiling data. This
option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and cache
behavior for the program on systems which do not support arbitrary
ordering of functions in an executable.
Use of the '-a' argument is highly recommended with this option.
The MAP_FILE argument is a pathname to a file which provides
function name to object file mappings. The format of the file is
similar to the output of the program 'nm'.
c-parse.o:00000000 T yyparse
c-parse.o:00000004 C yyerrflag
c-lang.o:00000000 T maybe_objc_method_name
c-lang.o:00000000 T print_lang_statistics
c-lang.o:00000000 T recognize_objc_keyword
c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_identifier
c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_type
...
To create a MAP_FILE with GNU 'nm', type a command like 'nm
--extern-only --defined-only -v --print-file-name program-name'.
'-T'
'--traditional'
The '-T' option causes 'gprof' to print its output in "traditional"
BSD style.
'-w WIDTH'
'--width=WIDTH'
Sets width of output lines to WIDTH. Currently only used when
printing the function index at the bottom of the call graph.
'-x'
'--all-lines'
This option affects annotated source output only. By default, only
the lines at the beginning of a basic-block are annotated. If this
option is specified, every line in a basic-block is annotated by
repeating the annotation for the first line. This behavior is
similar to 'tcov''s '-a'.
'--demangle[=STYLE]'
'--no-demangle'
These options control whether C++ symbol names should be demangled
when printing output. The default is to demangle symbols. The
'--no-demangle' option may be used to turn off demangling.
Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional
demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate
demangling style for your compiler.
Info Catalog
gprof: Invoking
gprof: Analysis Options