as: Section
7.82 '.section NAME'
====================
Use the '.section' directive to assemble the following code into a
section named NAME.
This directive is only supported for targets that actually support
arbitrarily named sections; on 'a.out' targets, for example, it is not
accepted, even with a standard 'a.out' section name.
COFF Version
------------
For COFF targets, the '.section' directive is used in one of the
following ways:
.section NAME[, "FLAGS"]
.section NAME[, SUBSECTION]
If the optional argument is quoted, it is taken as flags to use for
the section. Each flag is a single character. The following flags are
recognized:
'b'
bss section (uninitialized data)
'n'
section is not loaded
'w'
writable section
'd'
data section
'e'
exclude section from linking
'r'
read-only section
'x'
executable section
's'
shared section (meaningful for PE targets)
'a'
ignored. (For compatibility with the ELF version)
'y'
section is not readable (meaningful for PE targets)
'0-9'
single-digit power-of-two section alignment (GNU extension)
If no flags are specified, the default flags depend upon the section
name. If the section name is not recognized, the default will be for
the section to be loaded and writable. Note the 'n' and 'w' flags
remove attributes from the section, rather than adding them, so if they
are used on their own it will be as if no flags had been specified at
all.
If the optional argument to the '.section' directive is not quoted,
it is taken as a subsection number (
Sub-Sections).
ELF Version
-----------
This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The
DONTPRINTYET others are '.subsection' (SubSection), '.pushsection' (*noteDONTPRINTYET others are '.subsection' (SubSection), '.pushsection' (
PushSection), '.popsection' (PopSection), and '.previous'
(Previous).
For ELF targets, the '.section' directive is used like this:
.section NAME [, "FLAGS"[, @TYPE[,FLAG_SPECIFIC_ARGUMENTS]]]
If the '--sectname-subst' command-line option is provided, the NAME
argument may contain a substitution sequence. Only '%S' is supported at
the moment, and substitutes the current section name. For example:
.macro exception_code
.section %S.exception
[exception code here]
.previous
.endm
.text
[code]
exception_code
[...]
.section .init
[init code]
exception_code
[...]
The two 'exception_code' invocations above would create the
'.text.exception' and '.init.exception' sections respectively. This is
useful e.g. to discriminate between ancillary sections that are tied to
setup code to be discarded after use from ancillary sections that need
to stay resident without having to define multiple 'exception_code'
macros just for that purpose.
The optional FLAGS argument is a quoted string which may contain any
combination of the following characters:
'a'
section is allocatable
'd'
section is a GNU_MBIND section
'e'
section is excluded from executable and shared library.
'w'
section is writable
'x'
section is executable
'M'
section is mergeable
'S'
section contains zero terminated strings
'G'
section is a member of a section group
'T'
section is used for thread-local-storage
'?'
section is a member of the previously-current section's group, if
any
'<number>'
a numeric value indicating the bits to be set in the ELF section
header's flags field. Note - if one or more of the alphabetic
characters described above is also included in the flags field,
their bit values will be ORed into the resulting value.
'<target specific>'
some targets extend this list with their own flag characters
Note - once a section's flags have been set they cannot be changed.
There are a few exceptions to this rule however. Processor and
application specific flags can be added to an already defined section.
The '.interp', '.strtab' and '.symtab' sections can have the allocate
flag ('a') set after they are initially defined, and the
'.note-GNU-stack' section may have the executable ('x') flag added.
The optional TYPE argument may contain one of the following
constants:
'@progbits'
section contains data
'@nobits'
section does not contain data (i.e., section only occupies space)
'@note'
section contains data which is used by things other than the
program
'@init_array'
section contains an array of pointers to init functions
'@fini_array'
section contains an array of pointers to finish functions
'@preinit_array'
section contains an array of pointers to pre-init functions
'@<number>'
a numeric value to be set as the ELF section header's type field.
'@<target specific>'
some targets extend this list with their own types
Many targets only support the first three section types. The type
may be enclosed in double quotes if necessary.
Note on targets where the '@' character is the start of a comment (eg
ARM) then another character is used instead. For example the ARM port
uses the '%' character.
Note - some sections, eg '.text' and '.data' are considered to be
special and have fixed types. Any attempt to declare them with a
different type will generate an error from the assembler.
If FLAGS contains the 'M' symbol then the TYPE argument must be
specified as well as an extra argument--ENTSIZE--like this:
.section NAME , "FLAGS"M, @TYPE, ENTSIZE
Sections with the 'M' flag but not 'S' flag must contain fixed size
constants, each ENTSIZE octets long. Sections with both 'M' and 'S'
must contain zero terminated strings where each character is ENTSIZE
bytes long. The linker may remove duplicates within sections with the
same name, same entity size and same flags. ENTSIZE must be an absolute
expression. For sections with both 'M' and 'S', a string which is a
suffix of a larger string is considered a duplicate. Thus '"def"' will
be merged with '"abcdef"'; A reference to the first '"def"' will be
changed to a reference to '"abcdef"+3'.
If FLAGS contains the 'G' symbol then the TYPE argument must be
present along with an additional field like this:
.section NAME , "FLAGS"G, @TYPE, GROUPNAME[, LINKAGE]
The GROUPNAME field specifies the name of the section group to which
this particular section belongs. The optional linkage field can
contain:
'comdat'
indicates that only one copy of this section should be retained
'.gnu.linkonce'
an alias for comdat
Note: if both the M and G flags are present then the fields for the
Merge flag should come first, like this:
.section NAME , "FLAGS"MG, @TYPE, ENTSIZE, GROUPNAME[, LINKAGE]
If FLAGS contains the '?' symbol then it may not also contain the 'G'
symbol and the GROUPNAME or LINKAGE fields should not be present.
Instead, '?' says to consider the section that's current before this
directive. If that section used 'G', then the new section will use 'G'
with those same GROUPNAME and LINKAGE fields implicitly. If not, then
the '?' symbol has no effect.
If no flags are specified, the default flags depend upon the section
name. If the section name is not recognized, the default will be for
the section to have none of the above flags: it will not be allocated in
memory, nor writable, nor executable. The section will contain data.
For ELF targets, the assembler supports another type of '.section'
directive for compatibility with the Solaris assembler:
.section "NAME"[, FLAGS...]
Note that the section name is quoted. There may be a sequence of
comma separated flags:
'#alloc'
section is allocatable
'#write'
section is writable
'#execinstr'
section is executable
'#exclude'
section is excluded from executable and shared library.
'#tls'
section is used for thread local storage
This directive replaces the current section and subsection. See the
contents of the gas testsuite directory 'gas/testsuite/gas/elf' for some
examples of how this directive and the other section stack directives
work.
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