vcdimager: Glossary
Appendix C Glossary
*******************
See also <http://www.dvdrhelp.com/glossary>.
APS
Access Point Sector
CBR
Constant Bit Rate. Used in MPEG-1's.
CD
Compact Disc
CD-DA
Compact Disc Digital Audio, described in the "Red Book" or ICE 908.
This commonly referred to as an audio CD and what most people think
of when you play a CD as it was the first to use the CD medium.
CD-ROM
Compact Disc Read Only Memory or "Yellow Book" describe in
Standards ISO/IEC 10149. The data stored on it can be either in
the form of audio, computer or video files.
CD-ROM Mode 1 and Mode2
The Yellow Book specifies two types of tracks, Mode 1 and Mode 2.
Mode 1 is used for computer data and text and has an extra error
correction layer. Mode 2 is for audio and video data and has no
extra correction layer. CD-ROM/XA An expansion of the CD-ROM Mode
2 format that allows both computer and audio/video to be mixed in
the same track.
CD XA
CD-ROM EXtended Architecture. A modification to the CD-ROM
specification that defines two new types of sectors. CD-ROM XA was
developed jointly by Sony, Philips, and Microsoft, and announced in
August 1988. Its specifications were published in an extension to
the Yellow Book. CD-i, Photo CD, Video CD and CD-EXTRA have all
subsequently been based on CD-ROM XA.
CD-XA defines another way of formatting sectors on a CD-ROM,
including headers in the sectors that describe the type (audio,
video, data) and some additional info (markers, resolution in case
of a video or audio sector, file numbers, etc).
The data written on a CD-XA is consistent with and can be in
ISO-9660 file system format and therefore be readable by ISO-9660
file system translators. But also a CD-I player can also read
CD-XA discs even if its own 'Green Book' file system only resembles
ISO 9660 and isn't fully compatible.
CVD
Chaoji VCD or China Video Disc
<http://www.dvdrhelp.com/forum/userguides/98177.php>
DVD
Digital Versatile Disc <http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html>
DVD-V
DVD for Video.
DVD-A
DVD for Audio.
Entry Point
A starting point within an MPEG track including the beginning of
the track. Video CD's can have multiple entry points inside a
track. Logically this corresponds to a "Chapter" or "Scene" of a
larger uninterruptable unit.
One might think a CD MPEG "track" could serve this purpose with a
collection of tracks making up a work or movie. Alas, the CD
specification requires a "track pregap" space of 150 sectors before
a track. These often appear as a time gaps when hardware players
go between tracks; this doesn't happen switching between entries in
a track because there in fact is no gap.
Physically on the CD an entry is stored as an INDEX inside a track.
FourCC
A four character code that uniquely identifies a data stream
format. Software will look up the FourCC code then look for the
codec associated to the code for that code. This idea was used in
the IFF multimedia format developed by Electronic Arts for the
Amiga in the early 1980s. This file format was copied by Apple
(who called it AIFF) and Microsoft (RIFF).
<http://www.fourcc.org/fcccodec.htm>
FSF
Free Software Foundation, <http://www.fsf.org/>
GNU
GNU is not UNIX, <http://www.gnu.org/>
LOT
List ID Offset Table.
MPEG
Movie Picture Experts Group <http://mpeg.telecomitalialab.com>.
Two sub formats used by Video CD's are MPEG-1 for VCD 1.0, 1.1 and
2.0 and MPEG-2. For SVCD, and HQVCD.
NTSC
National Television Standards Committee. The NTSC is responsible
for setting television and video standards in the United. States
OGT
Overlay Graphics & Text. A subtitle format devised by Philips.
The format has subtitle meta-information before an interleaved
bitmap of 4 palette entries. Palette color 0 entries can be
run-length encoded.
A more detailed description of this format can be found in the
documentation directory of VCDimager.
LBA
Logical Block Addressing. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book
Addressing MSF. The starting sector is -150 and ending sector is
449849, which correlates directly to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74.
Because an LBA is a single number it is often easier to work with
in programming than an MSF.
LID
List ID. A unit of playback control navigation inside a PSD.
Numbering starts from 1.
LSN
Logical Sector Number. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book
Addressing MSF. The starting sector is 0 and ending sector is
449699, which correlates to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74. Because an
LSN is a single number it is often easier to work with in
programming than an MSF. Because it starts at 0 rather than -150 as
is the case of an LBA it can be represented as an unsigned value.
PAL
Phase Alternating Line, the dominant television standard in Europe.
PEM
Program End Marker.
PBC
Play-back Control.
PSD
Play Sequence Descriptor. A section of a Video CD related to
playback control. Also the individual units inside that section.
We start numbering from 0. See also LID.
PVD
Primary Volume Descriptor. A section of a Video CD.
RIFF
Resource Interchange File Format. A way to tag multimedia files
developed by Microsoft. Inside a RIFF is a 4-letter character code
(which fits nicely in a 32-bit word) for each type of object called
FOURCC. This idea was taken Electronic Arts which used in Amigia's
IFF (Interchange File Format) and copied by Apple in their AIFF.
SIF
Source Interchange Format. A video resolution standard.
SPI
Segment Play Items.
SVCD
Super VCD <http://www.dvdrhelp.com/svcd>
VBR
Variable Bit Rate. Used in MPEG-2's
Track
A unit of data of a CD. The size of a track can vary; it can occupy
the entire contents of the CD. Most CD standards however require
that tracks have a 150 frame (or "2 second") lead-in gap.
VCD
Video CD <http://www.dvdrhelp.com/vcd>
XA
See CD XA
XML
eXtensible Markup Language, <http://www.w3.org/XML/>.
XSVCD
eXtended SVCD, <http://www.dvdrhelp.com/xvcd.htm>.
XVCD
eXtended VCD, <http://www.dvdrhelp.com/xvcd.htm>.
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