gnus: MIME Commands
3.19 MIME Commands
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The following commands all understand the numerical prefix. For
instance, ‘3 K v’ means “view the third MIME part”.
‘b’
‘K v’
View the MIME part.
‘K o’
Save the MIME part.
‘K O’
Prompt for a file name, then save the MIME part and strip it from
the article. The stripped MIME object will be referred via the
message/external-body MIME type.
‘K r’
Replace the MIME part with an external body.
‘K d’
Delete the MIME part and add some information about the removed
part.
‘K c’
Copy the MIME part.
‘K e’
View the MIME part externally.
‘K i’
View the MIME part internally.
‘K |’
Pipe the MIME part to an external command.
The rest of these MIME commands do not use the numerical prefix in
the same manner:
‘K H’
View ‘text/html’ parts of the current article with a WWW browser.
Inline images embedded in a message using the ‘cid’ scheme, as they
are generally considered to be safe, will be processed properly.
The message header is added to the beginning of every HTML part
unless the prefix argument is given.
Warning: Spammers use links to images (using the ‘http’ scheme) in
HTML articles to verify whether you have read the message. As this
command passes the HTML content to the browser without eliminating
these “web bugs” you should only use it for mails from trusted
senders.
If you always want to display HTML parts in the browser, set
‘mm-text-html-renderer’ to ‘nil’.
This command creates temporary files to pass HTML contents
including images if any to the browser, and deletes them when
exiting the group (if you want).
‘K b’
Make all the MIME parts have buttons in front of them. This is
mostly useful if you wish to save (or perform other actions) on
inlined parts.
‘W M h’
Display MIME part buttons in the end of the header of an article
(‘gnus-mime-buttonize-attachments-in-header’). This command
toggles the display. Note that buttons to be added to the header
are only the ones that aren’t inlined in the body. If you want
those buttons always to be displayed, set
‘gnus-mime-display-attachment-buttons-in-header’ to non-‘nil’. The
default is ‘t’. To change the appearance of buttons, customize
‘gnus-header-face-alist’.
‘K m’
Some multipart messages are transmitted with missing or faulty
headers. This command will attempt to “repair” these messages so
that they can be viewed in a more pleasant manner
(‘gnus-summary-repair-multipart’).
‘X m’
Save all parts matching a MIME type to a directory
(‘gnus-summary-save-parts’). Understands the process/prefix
convention (
Process/Prefix).
‘M-t’
Toggle the buttonized display of the article buffer
(‘gnus-summary-toggle-display-buttonized’).
‘W M w’
Decode RFC 2047-encoded words in the article headers
(‘gnus-article-decode-mime-words’).
‘W M c’
Decode encoded article bodies as well as charsets
(‘gnus-article-decode-charset’).
This command looks in the ‘Content-Type’ header to determine the
charset. If there is no such header in the article, you can give
it a prefix, which will prompt for the charset to decode as. In
regional groups where people post using some common encoding (but
do not include MIME headers), you can set the ‘charset’ group/topic
parameter to the required charset (Group Parameters).
‘W M v’
View all the MIME parts in the current article
(‘gnus-mime-view-all-parts’).
Relevant variables:
‘gnus-ignored-mime-types’
This is a list of regexps. MIME types that match a regexp from
this list will be completely ignored by Gnus. The default value is
‘nil’.
To have all Vcards be ignored, you’d say something like this:
(setq gnus-ignored-mime-types
'("text/x-vcard"))
‘gnus-article-loose-mime’
If non-‘nil’, Gnus won’t require the ‘MIME-Version’ header before
interpreting the message as a MIME message. This helps when
reading messages from certain broken mail user agents. The default
is ‘t’.
‘gnus-article-emulate-mime’
There are other, non-MIME encoding methods used. The most common
is ‘uuencode’, but yEncode is also getting to be popular. If this
variable is non-‘nil’, Gnus will look in message bodies to see if
it finds these encodings, and if so, it’ll run them through the
Gnus MIME machinery. The default is ‘t’. Only single-part yEnc
encoded attachments can be decoded. There’s no support for
encoding in Gnus.
‘gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types’
This is a list of regexps. MIME types that match a regexp from
this list won’t have MIME buttons inserted unless they aren’t
displayed or this variable is overridden by
‘gnus-buttonized-mime-types’. The default value is ‘(".*/.*")’.
This variable is only used when ‘gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing’
is ‘nil’.
‘gnus-buttonized-mime-types’
This is a list of regexps. MIME types that match a regexp from
this list will have MIME buttons inserted unless they aren’t
displayed. This variable overrides ‘gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types’.
The default value is ‘nil’. This variable is only used when
‘gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing’ is ‘nil’.
E.g., to see security buttons but no other buttons, you could set
this variable to ‘("multipart/signed")’ and leave
‘gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types’ at the default value.
You could also add ‘"multipart/alternative"’ to this list to
display radio buttons that allow you to choose one of two media
types those mails include. See also ‘mm-discouraged-alternatives’
(Display Customization (emacs-mime)Display Customization.).
‘gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing’
If this is non-‘nil’, then all MIME parts get buttons. The default
value is ‘nil’.
‘gnus-article-mime-part-function’
For each MIME part, this function will be called with the MIME
handle as the parameter. The function is meant to be used to allow
users to gather information from the article (e.g., add Vcard info
to the bbdb database) or to do actions based on parts (e.g.,
automatically save all jpegs into some directory).
Here’s an example function the does the latter:
(defun my-save-all-jpeg-parts (handle)
(when (equal (car (mm-handle-type handle)) "image/jpeg")
(with-temp-buffer
(insert (mm-get-part handle))
(write-region (point-min) (point-max)
(read-file-name "Save jpeg to: ")))))
(setq gnus-article-mime-part-function
'my-save-all-jpeg-parts)
‘gnus-mime-multipart-functions’
Alist of MIME multipart types and functions to handle them.
‘gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed’
Display "multipart/alternative" parts as "multipart/mixed".
‘gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed’
Display "multipart/related" parts as "multipart/mixed".
If displaying ‘text/html’ is discouraged, see
‘mm-discouraged-alternatives’, images or other material inside a
"multipart/related" part might be overlooked when this variable is
‘nil’. Display Customization (emacs-mime)Display
Customization.
‘gnus-mime-display-multipart-as-mixed’
Display "multipart" parts as "multipart/mixed". If ‘t’, it
overrides ‘nil’ values of
‘gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed’ and
‘gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed’.
‘mm-file-name-rewrite-functions’
List of functions used for rewriting file names of MIME parts.
Each function takes a file name as input and returns a file name.
Ready-made functions include
‘mm-file-name-delete-whitespace’, ‘mm-file-name-trim-whitespace’,
‘mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace’, and
‘mm-file-name-replace-whitespace’. The later uses the value of the
variable ‘mm-file-name-replace-whitespace’ to replace each
whitespace character in a file name with that string; default value
is ‘"_"’ (a single underscore).
The standard functions ‘capitalize’, ‘downcase’, ‘upcase’, and
‘upcase-initials’ may be useful, too.
Everybody knows that whitespace characters in file names are evil,
except those who don’t know. If you receive lots of attachments
from such unenlightened users, you can make live easier by adding
(setq mm-file-name-rewrite-functions
'(mm-file-name-trim-whitespace
mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace
mm-file-name-replace-whitespace))
to your ‘~/.gnus.el’ file.
Info Catalog
gnus: Article Treatment
gnus: Summary Buffer
gnus: Charsets