gawk: Adding Code
C.2.2 Adding New Features
-------------------------
You are free to add any new features you like to 'gawk'. However, if
you want your changes to be incorporated into the 'gawk' distribution,
there are several steps that you need to take in order to make it
possible to include them:
1. Before building the new feature into 'gawk' itself, consider
writing it as an extension (
Dynamic Extensions). If that's
not possible, continue with the rest of the steps in this list.
2. Be prepared to sign the appropriate paperwork. In order for the
FSF to distribute your changes, you must either place those changes
in the public domain and submit a signed statement to that effect,
or assign the copyright in your changes to the FSF. Both of these
actions are easy to do and _many_ people have done so already. If
you have questions, please contact me (Bugs), or
<assign@gnu.org>.
3. Get the latest version. It is much easier for me to integrate
changes if they are relative to the most recent distributed version
of 'gawk', or better yet, relative to the latest code in the Git
repository. If your version of 'gawk' is very old, I may not be
able to integrate your changes at all. (Getting, for
information on getting the latest version of 'gawk'.)
4. See (Version, standards, GNU Coding Standards)Top. This
document describes how GNU software should be written. If you
haven't read it, please do so, preferably _before_ starting to
modify 'gawk'. (The 'GNU Coding Standards' are available from the
GNU Project's website (https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/).
Texinfo, Info, and DVI versions are also available.)
5. Use the 'gawk' coding style. The C code for 'gawk' follows the
instructions in the 'GNU Coding Standards', with minor exceptions.
The code is formatted using the traditional "K&R" style,
particularly as regards to the placement of braces and the use of
TABs. In brief, the coding rules for 'gawk' are as follows:
* Use ANSI/ISO style (prototype) function headers when defining
functions.
* Put the name of the function at the beginning of its own line.
* Use '#elif' instead of nesting '#if' inside '#else'.
* Put the return type of the function, even if it is 'int', on
the line above the line with the name and arguments of the
function.
* Put spaces around parentheses used in control structures
('if', 'while', 'for', 'do', 'switch', and 'return').
* Do not put spaces in front of parentheses used in function
calls.
* Put spaces around all C operators and after commas in function
calls.
* Do not use the comma operator to produce multiple side
effects, except in 'for' loop initialization and increment
parts, and in macro bodies.
* Use real TABs for indenting, not spaces.
* Use the "K&R" brace layout style.
* Use comparisons against 'NULL' and ''\0'' in the conditions of
'if', 'while', and 'for' statements, as well as in the 'case's
of 'switch' statements, instead of just the plain pointer or
character value.
* Use 'true' and 'false' for 'bool' values, the 'NULL' symbolic
constant for pointer values, and the character constant ''\0''
where appropriate, instead of '1' and '0'.
* Provide one-line descriptive comments for each function.
* Do not use the 'alloca()' function for allocating memory off
the stack. Its use causes more portability trouble than is
worth the minor benefit of not having to free the storage.
Instead, use 'malloc()' and 'free()'.
* Do not use comparisons of the form '! strcmp(a, b)' or
similar. As Henry Spencer once said, "'strcmp()' is not a
boolean!" Instead, use 'strcmp(a, b) == 0'.
* If adding new bit flag values, use explicit hexadecimal
constants ('0x001', '0x002', '0x004', and so on) instead of
shifting one left by successive amounts ('(1<<0)', '(1<<1)',
and so on).
NOTE: If I have to reformat your code to follow the coding
style used in 'gawk', I may not bother to integrate your
changes at all.
6. Update the documentation. Along with your new code, please supply
new sections and/or chapters for this Info file. If at all
possible, please use real Texinfo, instead of just supplying
unformatted ASCII text (although even that is better than no
documentation at all). Conventions to be followed in 'GAWK:
Effective AWK Programming' are provided after the '@bye' at the end
of the Texinfo source file. If possible, please update the 'man'
page as well.
You will also have to sign paperwork for your documentation
changes.
7. Submit changes as unified diffs. Use 'diff -u -r -N' to compare
the original 'gawk' source tree with your version. I recommend
using the GNU version of 'diff', or best of all, 'git diff' or 'git
format-patch'. Send the output produced by 'diff' to me when you
submit your changes. (Bugs, for the electronic mail
information.)
Using this format makes it easy for me to apply your changes to the
master version of the 'gawk' source code (using 'patch'). If I
have to apply the changes manually, using a text editor, I may not
do so, particularly if there are lots of changes.
8. Include an entry for the 'ChangeLog' file with your submission.
This helps further minimize the amount of work I have to do, making
it easier for me to accept patches. It is simplest if you just
make this part of your diff.
Although this sounds like a lot of work, please remember that while
you may write the new code, I have to maintain it and support it. If it
isn't possible for me to do that with a minimum of extra work, then I
probably will not.
Info Catalog
gawk: Accessing The Source
gawk: Additions
gawk: New Ports