efaq: Problems with very large files
6.1 Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes?
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Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing
files larger than 8 megabytes. In versions 19.29 and later, the maximum
buffer size is at least 2^{27}-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes.
The maximum buffer size on 32-bit machines increased to 256 MBytes in
Emacs 22, and again to 512 MBytes in Emacs 23.2.
Emacs compiled on a 64-bit machine can handle much larger buffers.