coreutils: Symbolic Modes

 
 26.2 Symbolic Modes
 ===================
 
 “Symbolic modes” represent changes to files’ mode bits as operations on
 single-character symbols.  They allow you to modify either all or
 selected parts of files’ mode bits, optionally based on their previous
 values, and perhaps on the current ‘umask’ as well (SeeUmask and
 Protection).
 
    The format of symbolic modes is:
 
      [ugoa...][-+=]PERMS...[,...]
 
 where PERMS is either zero or more letters from the set ‘rwxXst’, or a
 single letter from the set ‘ugo’.
 
    The following sections describe the operators and other details of
 symbolic modes.
 

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