calc: Summary
Appendix E Calc Summary
***********************
This section includes a complete list of Calc keystroke commands. Each
line lists the stack entries used by the command (top-of-stack last),
the keystrokes themselves, the prompts asked by the command, and the
result of the command (also with top-of-stack last). The result is
expressed using the equivalent algebraic function. Commands which put
no results on the stack show the full ‘M-x’ command name in that
position. Numbers preceding the result or command name refer to notes
at the end.
Algebraic functions and ‘M-x’ commands that don’t have corresponding
keystrokes are not listed in this summary. 
Command Index.
Function Index.
C-x * a 33 calc-embedded-activate
C-x * b calc-big-or-small
C-x * c calc
C-x * d calc-embedded-duplicate
C-x * e 34 calc-embedded
C-x * f formula calc-embedded-new-formula
C-x * g 35 calc-grab-region
C-x * i calc-info
C-x * j calc-embedded-select
C-x * k calc-keypad
C-x * l calc-load-everything
C-x * m read-kbd-macro
C-x * n 4 calc-embedded-next
C-x * o calc-other-window
C-x * p 4 calc-embedded-previous
C-x * q formula quick-calc
C-x * r 36 calc-grab-rectangle
C-x * s calc-info-summary
C-x * t calc-tutorial
C-x * u calc-embedded-update-formula
C-x * w calc-embedded-word
C-x * x calc-quit
C-x * y 1,28,49 calc-copy-to-buffer
C-x * z calc-user-invocation
C-x * : 36 calc-grab-sum-down
C-x * _ 36 calc-grab-sum-across
C-x * ‘ editing 30 calc-embedded-edit
C-x * 0 (zero) calc-reset
0-9 number number
. number 0.number
_ number -number
e number 1e number
# number current-radix#number
P (in number) +/-
M (in number) mod
@ ’ " (in number) HMS form
h m s (in number) HMS form
’ formula 37,46 formula
$ formula 37,46 $formula
" string 37,46 string
a b + 2 add(a,b) a+b
a b - 2 sub(a,b) a−b
a b * 2 mul(a,b) a b, a*b
a b / 2 div(a,b) a/b
a b ^ 2 pow(a,b) a^b
a b I ^ 2 nroot(a,b) a^(1/b)
a b % 2 mod(a,b) a%b
a b \ 2 idiv(a,b) a\b
a b : 2 fdiv(a,b)
a b | 2 vconcat(a,b) a|b
a b I | vconcat(b,a) b|a
a b H | 2 append(a,b)
a b I H | append(b,a)
a & 1 inv(a) 1/a
a ! 1 fact(a) a!
a = 1 evalv(a)
a M-% percent(a) a%
... a RET 1 ... a a
... a SPC 1 ... a a
... a b TAB 3 ... b a
. a b c M-TAB 3 ... b c a
... a b LFD 1 ... a b a
... a DEL 1 ...
... a b M-DEL 1 ... b
M-RET 4 calc-last-args
a ‘ editing 1,30 calc-edit
... a C-d 1 ...
C-k 27 calc-kill
C-w 27 calc-kill-region
C-y calc-yank
C-_ 4 calc-undo
M-k 27 calc-copy-as-kill
M-w 27 calc-copy-region-as-kill
[ [...
[.. a b ] [a,b]
( (...
(.. a b ) (a,b)
, vector or rect complex
; matrix or polar complex
.. interval
~ calc-num-prefix
< 4 calc-scroll-left
> 4 calc-scroll-right
{ 4 calc-scroll-down
} 4 calc-scroll-up
? calc-help
a n 1 neg(a) −a
o 4 calc-realign
p precision 31 calc-precision
q calc-quit
w calc-why
x command M-x calc-command
a y 1,28,49 calc-copy-to-buffer
a A 1 abs(a)
a b B 2 log(a,b)
a b I B 2 alog(a,b) b^a
a C 1 cos(a)
a I C 1 arccos(a)
a H C 1 cosh(a)
a I H C 1 arccosh(a)
D 4 calc-redo
a E 1 exp(a)
a H E 1 exp10(a) 10.^a
a F 1,11 floor(a,d)
a I F 1,11 ceil(a,d)
a H F 1,11 ffloor(a,d)
a I H F 1,11 fceil(a,d)
a G 1 arg(a)
H command 32 Hyperbolic
I command 32 Inverse
a J 1 conj(a)
K command 32 Keep-args
a L 1 ln(a)
a H L 1 log10(a)
M calc-more-recursion-depth
I M calc-less-recursion-depth
a N 5 evalvn(a)
O command 32 Option
P pi
I P gamma
H P e
I H P phi
a Q 1 sqrt(a)
a I Q 1 sqr(a) a^2
a R 1,11 round(a,d)
a I R 1,11 trunc(a,d)
a H R 1,11 fround(a,d)
a I H R 1,11 ftrunc(a,d)
a S 1 sin(a)
a I S 1 arcsin(a)
a H S 1 sinh(a)
a I H S 1 arcsinh(a)
a T 1 tan(a)
a I T 1 arctan(a)
a H T 1 tanh(a)
a I H T 1 arctanh(a)
U 4 calc-undo
X 4 calc-call-last-kbd-macro
a b a = 2 eq(a,b) a=b
a b a # 2 neq(a,b) a!=b
a b a < 2 lt(a,b) a<b
a b a > 2 gt(a,b) a>b
a b a [ 2 leq(a,b) a<=b
a b a ] 2 geq(a,b) a>=b
a b a { 2 in(a,b)
a b a & 2,45 land(a,b) a&&b
a b a | 2,45 lor(a,b) a||b
a a ! 1,45 lnot(a) !a
a b c a : 45 if(a,b,c) a?b:c
a a . 1 rmeq(a)
a a " 7,8 calc-expand-formula
a a + i, l, h 6,38 sum(a,i,l,h)
a a - i, l, h 6,38 asum(a,i,l,h)
a a * i, l, h 6,38 prod(a,i,l,h)
a b a _ 2 subscr(a,b) a_b
a b a \ 2 pdiv(a,b)
a b a % 2 prem(a,b)
a b a / 2 pdivrem(a,b) [q,r]
a b H a / 2 pdivide(a,b) q+r/b
a a a 1 apart(a)
a a b old, new 38 subst(a,old,new)
a a c v 38 collect(a,v)
a a d v 4,38 deriv(a,v)
a H a d v 4,38 tderiv(a,v)
a a e esimplify(a)
a a f 1 factor(a)
a H a f 1 factors(a)
a b a g 2 pgcd(a,b)
a a i v 38 integ(a,v)
a a m pats 38 match(a,pats)
a I a m pats 38 matchnot(a,pats)
data x a p 28 polint(data,x)
data x H a p 28 ratint(data,x)
a a n 1 nrat(a)
a a r rules 4,8,38 rewrite(a,rules,n)
a a s simplify(a)
a a t v, n 31,39 taylor(a,v,n)
a a v 7,8 calc-alg-evaluate
a a x 4,8 expand(a)
data a F model, vars 48 fit(m,iv,pv,data)
data I a F model, vars 48 xfit(m,iv,pv,data)
data H a F model, vars 48 efit(m,iv,pv,data)
a a I v, l, h 38 ninteg(a,v,l,h)
a b a M op 22 mapeq(op,a,b)
a b I a M op 22 mapeqr(op,a,b)
a b H a M op 22 mapeqp(op,a,b)
a g a N v 38 minimize(a,v,g)
a g H a N v 38 wminimize(a,v,g)
a a P v 38 roots(a,v)
a g a R v 38 root(a,v,g)
a g H a R v 38 wroot(a,v,g)
a a S v 38 solve(a,v)
a I a S v 38 finv(a,v)
a H a S v 38 fsolve(a,v)
a I H a S v 38 ffinv(a,v)
a a T i, l, h 6,38 table(a,i,l,h)
a g a X v 38 maximize(a,v,g)
a g H a X v 38 wmaximize(a,v,g)
a b b a 9 and(a,b,w)
a b c 9 clip(a,w)
a b b d 9 diff(a,b,w)
a b l 10 lsh(a,n,w)
a n H b l 9 lsh(a,n,w)
a b n 9 not(a,w)
a b b o 9 or(a,b,w)
v b p 1 vpack(v)
a b r 10 rsh(a,n,w)
a n H b r 9 rsh(a,n,w)
a b t 10 rot(a,n,w)
a n H b t 9 rot(a,n,w)
a b u 1 vunpack(a)
b w w 9,50 calc-word-size
a b b x 9 xor(a,b,w)
c s l p b D ddb(c,s,l,p)
r n p b F fv(r,n,p)
r n p I b F fvb(r,n,p)
r n p H b F fvl(r,n,p)
v b I 19 irr(v)
v I b I 19 irrb(v)
a b L 10 ash(a,n,w)
a n H b L 9 ash(a,n,w)
r n a b M pmt(r,n,a)
r n a I b M pmtb(r,n,a)
r n a H b M pmtl(r,n,a)
r v b N 19 npv(r,v)
r v I b N 19 npvb(r,v)
r n p b P pv(r,n,p)
r n p I b P pvb(r,n,p)
r n p H b P pvl(r,n,p)
a b R 10 rash(a,n,w)
a n H b R 9 rash(a,n,w)
c s l b S sln(c,s,l)
n p a b T rate(n,p,a)
n p a I b T rateb(n,p,a)
n p a H b T ratel(n,p,a)
c s l p b Y syd(c,s,l,p)
r p a b # nper(r,p,a)
r p a I b # nperb(r,p,a)
r p a H b # nperl(r,p,a)
a b b % relch(a,b)
a c c 5 pclean(a,p)
a c 0-9 pclean(a,p)
a H c c 5 clean(a,p)
a H c 0-9 clean(a,p)
a c d 1 deg(a)
a c f 1 pfloat(a)
a H c f 1 float(a)
a c h 1 hms(a)
a c p polar(a)
a I c p rect(a)
a c r 1 rad(a)
a c F 5 pfrac(a,p)
a H c F 5 frac(a,p)
a c % percent(a*100)
d . char 50 calc-point-char
d , char 50 calc-group-char
d < 13,50 calc-left-justify
d = 13,50 calc-center-justify
d > 13,50 calc-right-justify
d { label 50 calc-left-label
d } label 50 calc-right-label
d [ 4 calc-truncate-up
d ] 4 calc-truncate-down
d " 12,50 calc-display-strings
d SPC calc-refresh
d RET 1 calc-refresh-top
d 0 50 calc-decimal-radix
d 2 50 calc-binary-radix
d 6 50 calc-hex-radix
d 8 50 calc-octal-radix
d b 12,13,50 calc-line-breaking
d c 50 calc-complex-notation
d d format 50 calc-date-notation
d e 5,50 calc-eng-notation
d f num 31,50 calc-fix-notation
d g 12,13,50 calc-group-digits
d h format 50 calc-hms-notation
d i 50 calc-i-notation
d j 50 calc-j-notation
d l 12,50 calc-line-numbering
d n 5,50 calc-normal-notation
d o format 50 calc-over-notation
d p 12,50 calc-show-plain
d r radix 31,50 calc-radix
d s 5,50 calc-sci-notation
d t 27 calc-truncate-stack
d w 12,13 calc-auto-why
d z 12,50 calc-leading-zeros
d B 50 calc-big-language
d C 50 calc-c-language
d E 50 calc-eqn-language
d F 50 calc-fortran-language
d M 50 calc-mathematica-language
d N 50 calc-normal-language
d O 50 calc-flat-language
d P 50 calc-pascal-language
d T 50 calc-tex-language
d L 50 calc-latex-language
d U 50 calc-unformatted-language
d W 50 calc-maple-language
a f [ 4 decr(a,n)
a f ] 4 incr(a,n)
a b f b 2 beta(a,b)
a f e 1 erf(a)
a I f e 1 erfc(a)
a f g 1 gamma(a)
a b f h 2 hypot(a,b)
a f i 1 im(a)
n a f j 2 besJ(n,a)
a b f n 2 min(a,b)
a f r 1 re(a)
a f s 1 sign(a)
a b f x 2 max(a,b)
n a f y 2 besY(n,a)
a f A 1 abssqr(a)
x a b f B betaI(x,a,b)
x a b H f B betaB(x,a,b)
a f E 1 expm1(a)
a x f G 2 gammaP(a,x)
a x I f G 2 gammaQ(a,x)
a x H f G 2 gammag(a,x)
a x I H f G 2 gammaG(a,x)
a b f I 2 ilog(a,b)
a b I f I 2 alog(a,b) b^a
a f L 1 lnp1(a)
a f M 1 mant(a)
a f Q 1 isqrt(a)
a I f Q 1 sqr(a) a^2
a n f S 2 scf(a,n)
y x f T arctan2(y,x)
a f X 1 xpon(a)
x y g a 28,40 calc-graph-add
g b 12 calc-graph-border
g c calc-graph-clear
g d 41 calc-graph-delete
x y g f 28,40 calc-graph-fast
g g 12 calc-graph-grid
g h title calc-graph-header
g j 4 calc-graph-juggle
g k 12 calc-graph-key
g l 12 calc-graph-log-x
g n name calc-graph-name
g p 42 calc-graph-plot
g q calc-graph-quit
g r range calc-graph-range-x
g s 12,13 calc-graph-line-style
g t title calc-graph-title-x
g v calc-graph-view-commands
g x display calc-graph-display
g z 12 calc-graph-zero-x
x y z g A 28,40 calc-graph-add-3d
g C command calc-graph-command
g D device 43,44 calc-graph-device
x y z g F 28,40 calc-graph-fast-3d
g H 12 calc-graph-hide
g K calc-graph-kill
g L 12 calc-graph-log-y
g N number 43,51 calc-graph-num-points
g O filename 43,44 calc-graph-output
g P 42 calc-graph-print
g R range calc-graph-range-y
g S 12,13 calc-graph-point-style
g T title calc-graph-title-y
g V calc-graph-view-trail
g X format calc-graph-geometry
g Z 12 calc-graph-zero-y
g C-l 12 calc-graph-log-z
g C-r range calc-graph-range-z
g C-t title calc-graph-title-z
h b calc-describe-bindings
h c key calc-describe-key-briefly
h f function calc-describe-function
h h calc-full-help
h i calc-info
h k key calc-describe-key
h n calc-view-news
h s calc-info-summary
h t calc-tutorial
h v var calc-describe-variable
j 1-9 calc-select-part
j RET 27 calc-copy-selection
j DEL 27 calc-del-selection
j ’ formula 27 calc-enter-selection
j ‘ editing 27,30 calc-edit-selection
j " 7,27 calc-sel-expand-formula
j + formula 27 calc-sel-add-both-sides
j - formula 27 calc-sel-sub-both-sides
j * formula 27 calc-sel-mul-both-sides
j / formula 27 calc-sel-div-both-sides
j & 27 calc-sel-invert
j a 27 calc-select-additional
j b 12 calc-break-selections
j c calc-clear-selections
j d 12,50 calc-show-selections
j e 12 calc-enable-selections
j l 4,27 calc-select-less
j m 4,27 calc-select-more
j n 4 calc-select-next
j o 4,27 calc-select-once
j p 4 calc-select-previous
j r rules 4,8,27 calc-rewrite-selection
j s 4,27 calc-select-here
j u 27 calc-unselect
j v 7,27 calc-sel-evaluate
j C 27 calc-sel-commute
j D 4,27 calc-sel-distribute
j E 27 calc-sel-jump-equals
j I 27 calc-sel-isolate
H j I 27 calc-sel-isolate (full)
j L 4,27 calc-commute-left
j M 27 calc-sel-merge
j N 27 calc-sel-negate
j O 4,27 calc-select-once-maybe
j R 4,27 calc-commute-right
j S 4,27 calc-select-here-maybe
j U 27 calc-sel-unpack
k a calc-random-again
n k b 1 bern(n)
n x H k b 2 bern(n,x)
n m k c 2 choose(n,m)
n m H k c 2 perm(n,m)
n k d 1 dfact(n) n!!
n k e 1 euler(n)
n x H k e 2 euler(n,x)
n k f 4 prfac(n)
n m k g 2 gcd(n,m)
m n k h 14 shuffle(n,m)
n m k l 2 lcm(n,m)
n k m 1 moebius(n)
n k n 4 nextprime(n)
n I k n 4 prevprime(n)
n k p 4,28 calc-prime-test
m k r 14 random(m)
n m k s 2 stir1(n,m)
n m H k s 2 stir2(n,m)
n k t 1 totient(n)
n p x k B utpb(x,n,p)
n p x I k B ltpb(x,n,p)
v x k C utpc(x,v)
v x I k C ltpc(x,v)
n m k E egcd(n,m)
v1 v2 x k F utpf(x,v1,v2)
v1 v2 x I k F ltpf(x,v1,v2)
m s x k N utpn(x,m,s)
m s x I k N ltpn(x,m,s)
m x k P utpp(x,m)
m x I k P ltpp(x,m)
v x k T utpt(x,v)
v x I k T ltpt(x,v)
a b l + lupadd(a,b)
a b H l + lufadd(a,b)
a b l - lupsub(a,b)
a b H l - lufsub(a,b)
a b l * lupmul(a,b)
a b H l * lufmul(a,b)
a b l / lupdiv(a,b)
a b H l / lufdiv(a,b)
a l d dbpower(a)
a b O l d dbpower(a,b)
a H l d dbfield(a)
a b O H l d dbfield(a,b)
a l n nppower(a)
a b O l n nppower(a,b)
a H l n npfield(a)
a b O H l n npfield(a,b)
a l q lupquant(a)
a b O l q lupquant(a,b)
a H l q lufquant(a)
a b O H l q lufquant(a,b)
a l s spn(a)
a l m midi(a)
a l f freq(a)
m a 12,13 calc-algebraic-mode
m d calc-degrees-mode
m e calc-embedded-preserve-modes
m f 12 calc-frac-mode
m g 52 calc-get-modes
m h calc-hms-mode
m i 12,13 calc-infinite-mode
m m calc-save-modes
m p 12 calc-polar-mode
m r calc-radians-mode
m s 12 calc-symbolic-mode
m t 12 calc-total-algebraic-mode
m v 12,13 calc-matrix-mode
m w 13 calc-working
m x calc-always-load-extensions
m A 12 calc-alg-simplify-mode
m B 12 calc-bin-simplify-mode
m C 12 calc-auto-recompute
m D calc-default-simplify-mode
m E 12 calc-ext-simplify-mode
m F filename 13 calc-settings-file-name
m N 12 calc-num-simplify-mode
m O 12 calc-no-simplify-mode
m R 12,13 calc-mode-record-mode
m S 12 calc-shift-prefix
m U 12 calc-units-simplify-mode
r s register 27 calc-copy-to-register
r i register calc-insert-register
s c var1, var2 29 calc-copy-variable
s d var, decl calc-declare-variable
s e var, editing 29,30 calc-edit-variable
s i buffer calc-insert-variables
s k const, var 29 calc-copy-special-constant
a b s l var 29 a (letting var=b)
a ... s m op, var 22,29 calc-store-map
s n var 29,47 calc-store-neg (v/-1)
s p var 29 calc-permanent-variable
s r var 29 v (recalled value)
r 0-9 calc-recall-quick
a s s var 28,29 calc-store
a s 0-9 calc-store-quick
a s t var 29 calc-store-into
a t 0-9 calc-store-into-quick
s u var 29 calc-unstore
a s x var 29 calc-store-exchange
s A editing 30 calc-edit-AlgSimpRules
s D editing 30 calc-edit-Decls
s E editing 30 calc-edit-EvalRules
s F editing 30 calc-edit-FitRules
s G editing 30 calc-edit-GenCount
s H editing 30 calc-edit-Holidays
s I editing 30 calc-edit-IntegLimit
s L editing 30 calc-edit-LineStyles
s P editing 30 calc-edit-PointStyles
s R editing 30 calc-edit-PlotRejects
s T editing 30 calc-edit-TimeZone
s U editing 30 calc-edit-Units
s X editing 30 calc-edit-ExtSimpRules
a s + var 29,47 calc-store-plus (v+a)
a s - var 29,47 calc-store-minus (v-a)
a s * var 29,47 calc-store-times (v*a)
a s / var 29,47 calc-store-div (v/a)
a s ^ var 29,47 calc-store-power (v^a)
a s | var 29,47 calc-store-concat (v|a)
s & var 29,47 calc-store-inv (v^-1)
s [ var 29,47 calc-store-decr (v-1)
s ] var 29,47 calc-store-incr (v-(-1))
a b s : 2 assign(a,b) a := b
a s = 1 evalto(a,b) a =>
t [ 4 calc-trail-first
t ] 4 calc-trail-last
t < 4 calc-trail-scroll-left
t > 4 calc-trail-scroll-right
t . 12 calc-full-trail-vectors
t b 4 calc-trail-backward
t d 12,50 calc-trail-display
t f 4 calc-trail-forward
t h calc-trail-here
t i calc-trail-in
t k 4 calc-trail-kill
t m string calc-trail-marker
t n 4 calc-trail-next
t o calc-trail-out
t p 4 calc-trail-previous
t r string calc-trail-isearch-backward
t s string calc-trail-isearch-forward
t y 4 calc-trail-yank
d t C oz, nz tzconv(d,oz,nz)
d oz nz t C $ tzconv(d,oz,nz)
d t D 15 date(d)
d t I 4 incmonth(d,n)
d t J 16 julian(d,z)
d t M 17 newmonth(d,n)
t N 16 now(z)
d t P 1 31 year(d)
d t P 2 31 month(d)
d t P 3 31 day(d)
d t P 4 31 hour(d)
d t P 5 31 minute(d)
d t P 6 31 second(d)
d t P 7 31 weekday(d)
d t P 8 31 yearday(d)
d t P 9 31 time(d)
d t U 16 unixtime(d,z)
d t W 17 newweek(d,w)
d t Y 17 newyear(d,n)
a b t + 2 badd(a,b)
a b t - 2 bsub(a,b)
u a 12 calc-autorange-units
a u b calc-base-units
a u c units 18 calc-convert-units
defn u d unit, descr calc-define-unit
u e calc-explain-units
u g unit calc-get-unit-definition
u n units 18 calc-convert-exact-units
u p calc-permanent-units
a u r calc-remove-units
a u s usimplify(a)
a u t units 18 calc-convert-temperature
u u unit calc-undefine-unit
u v calc-enter-units-table
a u x calc-extract-units
a u 0-9 calc-quick-units
v1 v2 u C 20 vcov(v1,v2)
v1 v2 I u C 20 vpcov(v1,v2)
v1 v2 H u C 20 vcorr(v1,v2)
v u G 19 vgmean(v)
a b H u G 2 agmean(a,b)
v u M 19 vmean(v)
v I u M 19 vmeane(v)
v H u M 19 vmedian(v)
v I H u M 19 vhmean(v)
v u N 19 vmin(v)
v u R rms(v)
v u S 19 vsdev(v)
v I u S 19 vpsdev(v)
v H u S 19 vvar(v)
v I H u S 19 vpvar(v)
u V calc-view-units-table
v u X 19 vmax(v)
v u + 19 vsum(v)
v u * 19 vprod(v)
v u # 19 vcount(v)
V ( 50 calc-vector-parens
V { 50 calc-vector-braces
V [ 50 calc-vector-brackets
V ] ROCP 50 calc-matrix-brackets
V , 50 calc-vector-commas
V < 50 calc-matrix-left-justify
V = 50 calc-matrix-center-justify
V > 50 calc-matrix-right-justify
V / 12,50 calc-break-vectors
V . 12,50 calc-full-vectors
s t V ^ 2 vint(s,t)
s t V - 2 vdiff(s,t)
s V ~ 1 vcompl(s)
s V # 1 vcard(s)
s V : 1 vspan(s)
s V + 1 rdup(s)
m V & 1 inv(m) 1/m
v v a n arrange(v,n)
a v b n cvec(a,n)
v v c n >0 21,31 mcol(v,n)
v v c n <0 31 mrcol(v,-n)
m v c 0 31 getdiag(m)
v v d 25 diag(v,n)
v m v e 2 vexp(v,m)
v m f H v e 2 vexp(v,m,f)
v a v f 26 find(v,a,n)
v v h 1 head(v)
v I v h 1 tail(v)
v H v h 1 rhead(v)
v I H v h 1 rtail(v)
v i n 31 idn(1,n)
v i 0 31 idn(1)
h t v k 2 cons(h,t)
h t H v k 2 rcons(h,t)
v v l 1 vlen(v)
v H v l 1 mdims(v)
v m v m 2 vmask(v,m)
v v n 1 rnorm(v)
a b c v p 24 calc-pack
v v r n >0 21,31 mrow(v,n)
v v r n <0 31 mrrow(v,-n)
m v r 0 31 getdiag(m)
v i j v s subvec(v,i,j)
v i j I v s rsubvec(v,i,j)
m v t 1 trn(m)
v v u 24 calc-unpack
v v v 1 rev(v)
v x n 31 index(n)
n s i C-u v x index(n,s,i)
v V A op 22 apply(op,v)
v1 v2 V C 2 cross(v1,v2)
m V D 1 det(m)
s V E 1 venum(s)
s V F 1 vfloor(s)
v V G grade(v)
v I V G rgrade(v)
v V H n 31 histogram(v,n)
v w H V H n 31 histogram(v,w,n)
v1 v2 V I mop aop 22 inner(mop,aop,v1,v2)
m V J 1 ctrn(m)
m1 m2 V K kron(m1,m2)
m V L 1 lud(m)
v V M op 22,23 map(op,v)
v V N 1 cnorm(v)
v1 v2 V O op 22 outer(op,v1,v2)
v V R op 22,23 reduce(op,v)
v I V R op 22,23 rreduce(op,v)
a n H V R op 22 nest(op,a,n)
a I H V R op 22 fixp(op,a)
v V S sort(v)
v I V S rsort(v)
m V T 1 tr(m)
v V U op 22 accum(op,v)
v I V U op 22 raccum(op,v)
a n H V U op 22 anest(op,a,n)
a I H V U op 22 afixp(op,a)
s t V V 2 vunion(s,t)
s t V X 2 vxor(s,t)
Y user commands
z user commands
c Z [ 45 calc-kbd-if
c Z | 45 calc-kbd-else-if
Z : calc-kbd-else
Z ] calc-kbd-end-if
Z { 4 calc-kbd-loop
c Z / 45 calc-kbd-break
Z } calc-kbd-end-loop
n Z < calc-kbd-repeat
Z > calc-kbd-end-repeat
n m Z ( calc-kbd-for
s Z ) calc-kbd-end-for
Z C-g cancel if/loop command
Z ‘ calc-kbd-push
Z ’ calc-kbd-pop
Z # calc-kbd-query
comp Z C func, args 50 calc-user-define-composition
Z D key, command calc-user-define
Z E key, editing 30 calc-user-define-edit
defn Z F k, c, f, a, n 28 calc-user-define-formula
Z G key calc-get-user-defn
Z I calc-user-define-invocation
Z K key, command calc-user-define-kbd-macro
Z P key calc-user-define-permanent
Z S 30 calc-edit-user-syntax
Z T 12 calc-timing
Z U key calc-user-undefine
NOTES
1. Positive prefix arguments apply to ‘n’ stack entries. Negative
prefix arguments apply to the ‘-n’th stack entry. A prefix of zero
applies to the entire stack. (For <LFD> and ‘M-<DEL>’, the meaning
of the sign is reversed.)
2. Positive prefix arguments apply to ‘n’ stack entries. Negative
prefix arguments apply to the top stack entry and the next ‘-n’
stack entries.
3. Positive prefix arguments rotate top ‘n’ stack entries by one.
Negative prefix arguments rotate the entire stack by ‘-n’. A
prefix of zero reverses the entire stack.
4. Prefix argument specifies a repeat count or distance.
5. Positive prefix arguments specify a precision ‘p’. Negative prefix
arguments reduce the current precision by ‘-p’.
6. A prefix argument is interpreted as an additional step-size
parameter. A plain ‘C-u’ prefix means to prompt for the step size.
7. A prefix argument specifies simplification level and depth.
1=Basic simplifications, 2=Algebraic simplifications, 3=Extended
simplifications
8. A negative prefix operates only on the top level of the input
formula.
9. Positive prefix arguments specify a word size of ‘w’ bits,
unsigned. Negative prefix arguments specify a word size of ‘w’
bits, signed.
10. Prefix arguments specify the shift amount ‘n’. The ‘w’ argument
cannot be specified in the keyboard version of this command.
11. From the keyboard, ‘d’ is omitted and defaults to zero.
12. Mode is toggled; a positive prefix always sets the mode, and a
negative prefix always clears the mode.
13. Some prefix argument values provide special variations of the
mode.
14. A prefix argument, if any, is used for ‘m’ instead of taking ‘m’
from the stack. ‘M’ may take any of these values:
Integer
Random integer in the interval ‘[0 .. m)’.
Float
Random floating-point number in the interval ‘[0 .. m)’.
0.0
Gaussian with mean 1 and standard deviation 0.
Error form
Gaussian with specified mean and standard deviation.
Interval
Random integer or floating-point number in that interval.
Vector
Random element from the vector.
15. A prefix argument from 1 to 6 specifies number of date components
to remove from the stack. Date Conversions.
16. A prefix argument specifies a time zone; ‘C-u’ says to take the
time zone number or name from the top of the stack. Time
Zones.
17. A prefix argument specifies a day number (0–6, 0–31, or 0–366).
18. If the input has no units, you will be prompted for both the old
and the new units.
19. With a prefix argument, collect that many stack entries to form
the input data set. Each entry may be a single value or a vector
of values.
20. With a prefix argument of 1, take a single Nx2 matrix from the
stack instead of two separate data vectors.
21. The row or column number ‘n’ may be given as a numeric prefix
argument instead. A plain ‘C-u’ prefix says to take ‘n’ from the
top of the stack. If ‘n’ is a vector or interval, a
subvector/submatrix of the input is created.
22. The ‘op’ prompt can be answered with the key sequence for the
desired function, or with ‘x’ or ‘z’ followed by a function name,
or with ‘$’ to take a formula from the top of the stack, or with
‘'’ and a typed formula. In the last two cases, the formula may be
a nameless function like ‘<#1+#2>’ or ‘<x, y : x+y>’; or it may
include ‘$’, ‘$$’, etc., where ‘$’ will correspond to the last
argument of the created function; or otherwise you will be prompted
for an argument list. The number of vectors popped from the stack
by ‘V M’ depends on the number of arguments of the function.
23. One of the mapping direction keys ‘_’ (horizontal, i.e., map by
rows or reduce across), ‘:’ (vertical, i.e., map by columns or
reduce down), or ‘=’ (map or reduce by rows) may be used before
entering ‘op’; these modify the function name by adding the letter
‘r’ for “rows,” ‘c’ for “columns,” ‘a’ for “across,” or ‘d’ for
“down.”
24. The prefix argument specifies a packing mode. A nonnegative mode
is the number of items (for ‘v p’) or the number of levels (for ‘v
u’). A negative mode is as described below. With no prefix
argument, the mode is taken from the top of the stack and may be an
integer or a vector of integers.
‘-1’
(2) Rectangular complex number.
‘-2’
(2) Polar complex number.
‘-3’
(3) HMS form.
‘-4’
(2) Error form.
‘-5’
(2) Modulo form.
‘-6’
(2) Closed interval.
‘-7’
(2) Closed .. open interval.
‘-8’
(2) Open .. closed interval.
‘-9’
(2) Open interval.
‘-10’
(2) Fraction.
‘-11’
(2) Float with integer mantissa.
‘-12’
(2) Float with mantissa in ‘[1 .. 10)’.
‘-13’
(1) Date form (using date numbers).
‘-14’
(3) Date form (using year, month, day).
‘-15’
(6) Date form (using year, month, day, hour, minute, second).
25. A prefix argument specifies the size ‘n’ of the matrix. With no
prefix argument, ‘n’ is omitted and the size is inferred from the
input vector.
26. The prefix argument specifies the starting position ‘n’ (default
1).
27. Cursor position within stack buffer affects this command.
28. Arguments are not actually removed from the stack by this command.
29. Variable name may be a single digit or a full name.
30. Editing occurs in a separate buffer. Press ‘C-c C-c’ (or <LFD>,
or in some cases <RET>) to finish the edit, or kill the buffer with
‘C-x k’ to cancel the edit. The <LFD> key prevents evaluation of
the result of the edit.
31. The number prompted for can also be provided as a prefix argument.
32. Press this key a second time to cancel the prefix.
33. With a negative prefix, deactivate all formulas. With a positive
prefix, deactivate and then reactivate from scratch.
34. Default is to scan for nearest formula delimiter symbols. With a
prefix of zero, formula is delimited by mark and point. With a
non-zero prefix, formula is delimited by scanning forward or
backward by that many lines.
35. Parse the region between point and mark as a vector. A nonzero
prefix parses N lines before or after point as a vector. A zero
prefix parses the current line as a vector. A ‘C-u’ prefix parses
the region between point and mark as a single formula.
36. Parse the rectangle defined by point and mark as a matrix. A
positive prefix N divides the rectangle into columns of width N. A
zero or ‘C-u’ prefix parses each line as one formula. A negative
prefix suppresses special treatment of bracketed portions of a
line.
37. A numeric prefix causes the current language mode to be ignored.
38. Responding to a prompt with a blank line answers that and all
later prompts by popping additional stack entries.
39. Answer for ‘v’ may also be of the form ‘v = v_0’ or ‘v - v_0’.
40. With a positive prefix argument, stack contains many ‘y’’s and one
common ‘x’. With a zero prefix, stack contains a vector of ‘y’s
and a common ‘x’. With a negative prefix, stack contains many
‘[x,y]’ vectors. (For 3D plots, substitute ‘z’ for ‘y’ and ‘x,y’
for ‘x’.)
41. With any prefix argument, all curves in the graph are deleted.
42. With a positive prefix, refines an existing plot with more data
points. With a negative prefix, forces recomputation of the plot
data.
43. With any prefix argument, set the default value instead of the
value for this graph.
44. With a negative prefix argument, set the value for the printer.
45. Condition is considered “true” if it is a nonzero real or complex
number, or a formula whose value is known to be nonzero; it is
“false” otherwise.
46. Several formulas separated by commas are pushed as multiple stack
entries. Trailing ‘)’, ‘]’, ‘}’, ‘>’, and ‘"’ delimiters may be
omitted. The notation ‘$$$’ refers to the value in stack level
three, and causes the formula to replace the top three stack
levels. The notation ‘$3’ refers to stack level three without
causing that value to be removed from the stack. Use <LFD> in
place of <RET> to prevent evaluation; use ‘M-=’ in place of <RET>
to evaluate variables.
47. The variable is replaced by the formula shown on the right. The
Inverse flag reverses the order of the operands, e.g., ‘I s - x’
assigns ‘x := a-x’.
48. Press ‘?’ repeatedly to see how to choose a model. Answer the
variables prompt with ‘iv’ or ‘iv;pv’ to specify independent and
parameter variables. A positive prefix argument takes N+1 vectors
from the stack; a zero prefix takes a matrix and a vector from the
stack.
49. With a plain ‘C-u’ prefix, replace the current region of the
destination buffer with the yanked text instead of inserting.
50. All stack entries are reformatted; the ‘H’ prefix inhibits this.
The ‘I’ prefix sets the mode temporarily, redraws the top stack
entry, then restores the original setting of the mode.
51. A negative prefix sets the default 3D resolution instead of the
default 2D resolution.
52. This grabs a vector of the form [PREC, WSIZE, SSIZE, RADIX, FLFMT,
ANG, FRAC, SYMB, POLAR, MATRIX, SIMP, INF]. A prefix argument from
1 to 12 grabs the Nth mode value only.
Info Catalog
calc: Reporting Bugs
calc: Top
calc: Key Index